{"id":656,"date":"2024-08-20T08:49:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T08:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demoat.goodcare.com.vn\/?p=656"},"modified":"2025-01-21T09:55:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T09:55:18","slug":"cambodia-general-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/attravel.vn\/en\/cambodia-general-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Cambodia General Information"},"content":{"rendered":"
Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.<\/div>\n
Cambodia<\/strong>, officially the\u00a0Kingdom of Cambodia<\/strong>, is a country located in the southern portion of the\u00a0Indochina\u00a0peninsula in\u00a0Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898\u00a0square miles) in area, bordered by\u00a0Thailand\u00a0to the northwest,\u00a0Laos\u00a0to the northeast,\u00a0Vietnam\u00a0to the east and the\u00a0Gulf of Thailand\u00a0to the southwest.The\u00a0sovereign state\u00a0of Cambodia has a population of over 15 million. The official religion is\u00a0Theravada\u00a0Buddhism, practised by approximately 95 percent of the population. Cambodia’s minority groups include\u00a0Vietnamese,\u00a0Chinese,\u00a0Chams\u00a0and 30\u00a0hill tribes. The capital and largest city is\u00a0Phnom Penh, the political, economic and cultural centre of Cambodia. The kingdom is an\u00a0elective\u00a0constitutional monarchy\u00a0with a\u00a0monarch, currently\u00a0Norodom Sihamoni, chosen by the\u00a0Royal Council of the Throne\u00a0as\u00a0head of state. The\u00a0head of government\u00a0is the\u00a0Prime Minister, currently\u00a0Hun Sen, the\u00a0longest serving non-royal leader\u00a0in Southeast Asia, ruling Cambodia since 1985.<\/p>\n

Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cambodia has an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) and lies entirely within the tropics, between latitudes\u00a010\u00b0\u00a0and\u00a015\u00b0N, and longitudes\u00a0102\u00b0\u00a0and\u00a0108\u00b0E. It borders Thailand to the north and west, Laos to the northeast, and\u00a0Vietnam\u00a0to the east and southeast. It has a 443-kilometre (275-mile) coastline along the\u00a0Gulf of Thailand.<\/p>\n

Cambodia’s landscape is characterised by a low-lying central plain that is surrounded by uplands and low mountains and includes the\u00a0Tonle Sap\u00a0(Great Lake) and the upper reaches of the\u00a0Mekong River\u00a0delta. Extending outward from this central region are transitional plains, thinly forested and rising to elevations of about 650 feet (200 metres)\u00a0above sea level.<\/p>\n

To the north the Cambodian plain abuts a sandstone escarpment, which forms a southward-facing cliff stretching more than 200 miles (320 kilometres) from west to east and rising abruptly above the plain to heights of 600 to 1,800 feet (180\u2013550 metres). This cliff marks the southern limit of the\u00a0D\u00e2ngr\u00eak Mountains.<\/p>\n

Flowing south through Cambodia’s eastern regions is the Mekong River. East of the Mekong the transitional plains gradually merge with the eastern highlands, a region of forested mountains and high plateaus that extend into Laos and Vietnam. In southwestern Cambodia two distinct upland blocks, the\u00a0Kr\u00e2vanh Mountains\u00a0and the\u00a0D\u00e2mrei Mountains, form another highland region that covers much of the land area between the Tonle Sap and the\u00a0Gulf of Thailand.<\/p>\n

Climate<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cambodia’s climate, like that of the rest of Southeast Asia, is dominated by\u00a0monsoons, which are known as tropical wet and dry because of the distinctly marked seasonal differences.<\/p>\n

Cambodia has a temperature range from 21 to 35 \u00b0C (70 to 95 \u00b0F) and experiences tropical monsoons. Southwest monsoons blow inland bringing moisture-laden winds from the\u00a0Gulf of Thailand\u00a0and Indian Ocean from May to October. The northeast monsoon ushers in the dry season, which lasts from November to April. The country experiences the heaviest precipitation from September to October with the driest period occurring from January to February.<\/p>\n

According to the\u00a0International Development Research Center\u00a0and\u00a0The United Nations, Cambodia is considered Southeast Asia’s most vulnerable country to the effects of climate change, alongside the\u00a0Philippines. Nearly all provinces in Cambodia are affected by climate change. Rural coastal populations are particularly at risk. Shortages of clean water, extreme flooding, mudslides, higher sea levels and potentially destructive storms are of particular concern, according to the Cambodia Climate Change Alliance.<\/p>\n

Cambodia has two distinct seasons. The rainy season, which runs from May to October, can see temperatures drop to 22 \u00b0C (72 \u00b0F) and is generally accompanied with high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to April when temperatures can rise up to 40 \u00b0C (104 \u00b0F) around April. Disastrous flooding occurred in 2001 and again in 2002, with some degree of flooding almost every year.<\/p>\n

Ecology<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Cambodia’s\u00a0biodiversity\u00a0is largely founded on its\u00a0seasonal tropical forests, containing some\u00a0180 recorded tree species, and\u00a0riparian\u00a0ecosystems. There are 212\u00a0mammal\u00a0species, 536 bird species, 240\u00a0reptile\u00a0species, 850 freshwater fish species (Tonle Sap\u00a0Lake area), and 435 marine fish species recorded by science. Much of this biodiversity is contained around the Tonle Sap Lake and the surrounding biosphere.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve\u00a0is a reserve surrounding the\u00a0Tonle Sap\u00a0lake. It encompasses the lake and nine provinces:\u00a0Kampong Thom,\u00a0Siem Reap,\u00a0Battambang,\u00a0Pursat,\u00a0Kampong Chhnang,\u00a0Banteay Meanchey,\u00a0Pailin,\u00a0Oddar Meanchey\u00a0and\u00a0Preah Vihear. In 1997, it was successfully nominated as a\u00a0UNESCO\u00a0Biosphere Reserve. Other key habitats include the evergreen and dry\u00a0Dipterocarp forests\u00a0of\u00a0Mondolkiri\u00a0province, protected by\u00a0Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary,\u00a0Phnom Prich Wildlife Sanctuary, and\u00a0Srepok Wildlife Sanctuary, as well as\u00a0Ratanakiri\u00a0province, and the\u00a0Cardamom Mountains\u00a0ecosystem, including\u00a0Preah Monivong National Park,\u00a0Botum-Sakor National Park, and the\u00a0Phnom Aural Wildlife Sanctuary\u00a0and\u00a0Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Worldwide Fund for Nature\u00a0recognises six distinct\u00a0terrestrial ecoregions\u00a0in Cambodia \u2013 the\u00a0Cardamom Mountains rain forests,\u00a0Central Indochina dry forest, Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forest, Southern\u00a0Annamite Range\u00a0tropical forest, Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forest, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat\u00a0swamp forest.<\/p>\n

Administrative divisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The autonomous municipality (reach thani<\/em>) and provinces (khaet<\/em>) of Cambodia are first-level administrative divisions. Cambodia is divided into 25\u00a0provinces\u00a0including the autonomous municipality.<\/p>\n

Municipalities and districts are the second-level administrative divisions of Cambodia. The provinces are subdivided into 159 districts and 26 municipalities. The districts and municipalities in turn are further divided into communes (khum<\/em>) and quarters (sangkat<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Tourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The tourism industry is the country’s second-greatest source of\u00a0hard currency\u00a0after the textile industry. International visitor arrivals in 2018 topped six million, a ten-fold increase since the beginning of the 21st century.<\/p>\n

Besides Phom Penh and Angkor Wat, other tourist destinations include\u00a0Sihanoukville\u00a0in the southwest which has several popular beaches and\u00a0Battambang\u00a0in the northwest, both of which are popular stops for backpackers who make up a significant portion of visitors to Cambodia. The area around\u00a0Kampot\u00a0and\u00a0Kep\u00a0including the\u00a0Bokor Hill Station\u00a0are also of interest to visitors. Tourism has increased steadily each year in the relatively stable period since the 1993\u00a0UNTAC\u00a0elections.<\/p>\n

Most international arrivals in 2018 were Chinese. Tourism receipts exceeded US$4.4 billion in 2018, accounting for almost ten percent of the kingdom’s gross national product. The Angkor Wat historical park in\u00a0Siem Reap Province, the beaches in Sihanoukville, the capital city Phnom Penh, and Cambodia’s 150 casinos (up from just 57 in 2014) are the main attractions for foreign tourists.<\/p>\n

Cambodia’s tourist souvenir industry employs a lot of people around the main places of interest. The quantity of souvenirs that are produced is not sufficient to face the increasing number of tourists and a majority of products sold to the tourists on the markets are imported from China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Some of the locally produced souvenirs include:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Krama (traditional scarf)<\/li>\n
  • Ceramics<\/li>\n
  • Soap, candles, spices<\/li>\n
  • Wood carvings, lacquerware, silver plate<\/li>\n
  • Painted bottles containing infused rice wine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Transport<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    The civil war and neglect severely damaged Cambodia’s transport system. With assistance from other countries Cambodia has been upgrading the main highways to international standards and most are vastly improved from 2006. Most main roads are now paved.<\/p>\n

    Cambodia has two rail lines, totalling about 612 kilometres (380 miles) of single, one-metre (3-foot-3-inch) gauge track. The lines run from the capital to Sihanoukville on the southern coast. Trains are again running to and from the Cambodian capital and popular destinations in the south. After 14 years, regular rail services between the two cities restarted recently \u2013 offering a safer option than road for travellers. Trains also run from Phnom Penh to\u00a0Sisophon\u00a0(although trains often run only as far as\u00a0Battambang). As of 1987, only one passenger train per week operated between Phnom Penh and Battambang but a US$141 million project, funded mostly by the\u00a0Asian Development Bank, has been started to revitalise the languishing rail system that will “(interlink) Cambodia with major industrial and logistics centers in Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City”.<\/p>\n

    Besides the main inter-provincial traffic artery connecting Phnom Penh with Sihanoukville, resurfacing a former dirt road with concrete \/ asphalt and bridging five major river crossings have now permanently connected Phnom Penh with\u00a0Koh Kong, and hence there is now uninterrupted road access to neighbouring Thailand and its road network.<\/p>\n

    Cambodia’s road traffic accident rate is high by world standards. In 2004, the number of road fatalities per 10,000 vehicles was ten times higher in Cambodia than in the developed world, and the number of road deaths had doubled in the preceding three years.<\/p>\n

    Cambodia’s extensive inland waterways were important historically in international trade. The\u00a0Mekong\u00a0and the\u00a0Tonle Sap\u00a0River, their numerous tributaries, and the Tonle Sap provided avenues of considerable length, including 3,700 kilometres (2,300 miles) navigable all year by craft drawing 0.6 metres (2.0 feet) and another 282 kilometres (175 miles) navigable to craft drawing 1.8 metres (5.9 feet).<\/p>\n

    Cambodia has two major ports, Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville, and five minor ones. Phnom Penh, at the junction of the\u00a0Bassac, the Mekong, and the Tonle Sap Rivers, is the only\u00a0river port\u00a0capable of receiving 8,000-ton\u00a0ships during the wet season and 5,000-ton ships during the dry season.<\/p>\n

    With increasing economic activity has come an increase in automobile use, though motorcycles still predominate. “Cyclo” (as hand-me-down French) or\u00a0Cycle rickshaws\u00a0were popular in 1990s but are increasingly replaced by\u00a0remorques<\/em>\u00a0(carriages attached to motorcycles) and rickshaws imported from India. Cyclos are unique to Cambodia in that the cyclist sits behind the passenger seat.<\/p>\n

    Cambodia has three commercial airports. In 2018, they handled a record of 10 million passengers.\u00a0Phnom Penh International Airport\u00a0is the busiest airport in Cambodia.\u00a0Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport\u00a0is the second busiest, and serves the most international flights in and out of Cambodia.\u00a0Sihanouk International Airport, is in the coastal city of\u00a0Sihanoukville.<\/p>\n

    Languages<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    The\u00a0Khmer language\u00a0is a member of the\u00a0Mon\u2013Khmer\u00a0subfamily of the\u00a0Austroasiatic language\u00a0group.\u00a0French, once the language of government in\u00a0Indochina, is still spoken by many older Cambodians, and is also the language of instruction in some schools and universities that are funded by the government of France. There is also a French-language newspaper and some TV channels are available in French. Cambodia is a member of\u00a0La Francophonie.\u00a0Cambodian French, a remnant of the country’s colonial past, is a dialect found in Cambodia and is sometimes used in government, particularly in court. Since 1993, there has been a growing use of English, which has been replacing French as the main foreign language. English is widely taught in several universities and there is also a significant press in that language, while street signs are now bilingual in Khmer and English. Due to this shift, English is now mostly used in Cambodia’s international relationships and has replaced French both in Cambodia’s stamps, since 2002, and currency.<\/p>\n

    The\u00a0Khmer script\u00a0is derived from the\u00a0South Indian\u00a0Pallava script.<\/p>\n

    Religion<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Theravada\u00a0Buddhism\u00a0is the official religion of Cambodia, practised by more than 95 percent of the population with an estimated 4,392 monastery temples throughout the country. Cambodian Buddhism is deeply influenced by\u00a0Hinduism\u00a0and native\u00a0animism.<\/p>\n

    The close interrelationship between spirits and the community, the efficacy of\u00a0apotropaic\u00a0and luck-attracting actions and charms, and the possibility of manipulating one’s life through contact with spiritual entities such as the “baromey” spirits originates from the native folk religion. Hinduism has left little trace beyond the magical practices of Tantricism and a host of Hindu gods now assimilated into the spirit world (for example, the important\u00a0neak ta<\/em>\u00a0spirit called\u00a0Yeay Mao\u00a0is the modern avatar of the Hindu goddess Kali).<\/p>\n

    Mahayana Buddhism\u00a0is the religion of the majority of Chinese and Vietnamese in Cambodia. Elements of other religious practices, such as the veneration of\u00a0folk heroes\u00a0and ancestors,\u00a0Confucianism, and\u00a0Taoism\u00a0mix with Chinese Buddhism are also practised.<\/p>\n

    Islam is followed by about 2% of the population and comes in three varieties, two practised by the\u00a0Cham people\u00a0and a third by the descendants of\u00a0Malays, resident in the country for generations. Cambodia’s Muslim population is reported to be 80% ethnic Cham.<\/p>\n

    Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Various factors contribute to the Cambodian culture including\u00a0Theravada Buddhism,\u00a0Hinduism,\u00a0French colonialism,\u00a0Angkorian culture, and modern\u00a0globalization. The\u00a0Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts\u00a0is responsible for promoting and developing Cambodian culture. Cambodian culture not only includes the culture of the\u00a0lowland\u00a0ethnic majority, but also some 20 culturally distinct hill tribes colloquially known as the\u00a0Khmer Loeu, a term coined by\u00a0Norodom Sihanouk\u00a0to encourage unity between the highlanders and lowlanders.<\/p>\n

    Rural Cambodians wear a\u00a0krama\u00a0scarf which is a unique aspect of\u00a0Cambodian clothing. The\u00a0sampeah\u00a0is a traditional Cambodian greeting or a way of showing respect to others. Khmer culture, as developed and spread by the\u00a0Khmer empire, has distinctive styles of dance, architecture and sculpture, which have been exchanged with neighbouring\u00a0Laos\u00a0and\u00a0Thailand\u00a0throughout history.\u00a0Angkor Wat\u00a0(Angkor<\/em>\u00a0means “city” and\u00a0Wat<\/em>\u00a0“temple”) is the best preserved example of Khmer architecture from the Angkorian era along with hundreds of other temples that have been discovered in and around the region.<\/p>\n

    Traditionally, the Khmer people have a recorded information on\u00a0Tra<\/em>\u00a0leaves.\u00a0Tra<\/em>\u00a0leaf books record legends of the Khmer people, the Ramayana, the origin of Buddhism and other prayer books. They are taken care of by wrapping in cloth to protect from moisture and the climate.<\/p>\n

    Bon Om Tuuk\u00a0(Festival of Boat Racing), the annual boat rowing contest, is the most attended Cambodian national festival. Held at the end of the rainy season when the Mekong river begins to sink back to its normal levels allowing the\u00a0Tonle Sap River\u00a0to reverse flow, approximately 10% of Cambodia’s population attends this event each year to play games, give thanks to the moon, watch fireworks, dine, and attend the boat race in a carnival-type atmosphere.<\/p>\n

    Popular games include soccer, kicking a\u00a0sey,<\/em>\u00a0which is similar to a\u00a0footbag, and chess. Based on the classical Indian solar calendar and Theravada Buddhism, the\u00a0Cambodian New Year\u00a0is a major holiday that takes place in April. Recent artistic figures include singers\u00a0Sinn Sisamouth\u00a0and\u00a0Ros Serey Sothea\u00a0(and later\u00a0Meng Keo Pichenda), who introduced new musical styles to the country.<\/p>\n

    Every year, Cambodians visit\u00a0pagodas\u00a0across the country to mark the ‘Festival of the Dead’ or\u00a0Pchum Ben. During the 15-day festival, people offer prayers and food to the spirits of their dead relatives. For most of the Cambodians, it is a time to remember their relatives, who died during 1975-1979\u00a0Khmer Rouge\u00a0regime.<\/p>\n

    Cuisine<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Rice is the staple grain, as in other Southeast Asian countries. Fish from the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers is also an important part of the diet. The supply of fish and fish products for food and trade as of 2000 was 20 kilograms (44 pounds) per person or 2\u00a0ounces\u00a0per day per person. Some of the fish can be made into\u00a0prahok\u00a0for longer storage.<\/p>\n

    The\u00a0cuisine of Cambodia\u00a0contains tropical fruits, soups and noodles. Key ingredients are\u00a0kaffir lime,\u00a0lemon grass, garlic,\u00a0fish sauce,\u00a0soy sauce,\u00a0curry,\u00a0tamarind,\u00a0ginger,\u00a0oyster sauce,\u00a0coconut milk\u00a0and\u00a0black pepper. Some delicacies are \u1793\u17c6\u1794\u1789\u17d2\u1785\u17bb\u1780 (Num Banh chok), \u17a2\u17b6\u1798\u17c9\u17bb\u1780 (Amok), \u17a2\u17b6\u1796\u17b8\u1784 (Ah Ping). The country also boasts various distinct local street foods, such as\u00a0fried spiders.<\/p>\n

    French influence on Cambodian cuisine includes the Cambodian red curry with toasted\u00a0baguette\u00a0bread. The toasted baguette pieces are dipped in the curry and eaten. Cambodian red curry is also eaten with rice and\u00a0rice vermicelli\u00a0noodles. Probably the most popular dine out dish,\u00a0kuy teav, is a\u00a0pork broth<\/em>\u00a0rice noodle\u00a0soup\u00a0with fried garlic,\u00a0scallions,\u00a0green onions\u00a0that may also contain various toppings such as\u00a0beef balls,\u00a0shrimp, pork liver or lettuce. Kampot pepper is reputed to be the best in the world and accompanies crab at the Kep crab shacks and squid in the restaurants on the Ou Trojak Jet river. The cuisine is relatively unknown to the world compared to that of its neighbours Thailand and Vietnam.<\/p>\n

    Drinks<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Cambodians drink plenty of tea, grown in\u00a0Mondulkiri Province\u00a0and around Kirirom.\u00a0tai krolap<\/em>\u00a0is a strong tea, made by putting water and a mass of tea leaves into a small glass, placing a saucer on top, and turning the whole thing upside down to brew. When it’s dark enough, the tea is decanted into another cup and plenty of sugar added, but no milk. Lemon tea\u00a0tai kdao kroich chhmaa<\/em>, made with Chinese red-dust tea and lemon juice, is refreshing both hot and iced, and is generally served with a hefty dose of sugar.<\/p>\n

    Regarding coffee, the beans are generally imported from Laos and Vietnam \u2013 although domestically produced coffee from\u00a0Ratanakiri Province\u00a0and\u00a0Mondulkiri Province\u00a0can be found in some places. Beans are traditionally roasted with butter and sugar, plus various other ingredients that might include anything from rum to pork fat, giving the beverage a strange, sometimes faintly chocolatey aroma.<\/p>\n

    Cambodia has several industrial breweries, located mainly in\u00a0Sihanoukville Province\u00a0and\u00a0Phnom Penh. There are also a growing number of microbreweries in\u00a0Phnom Penh\u00a0and\u00a0Siem Reap. Between 2014 and 2018, the number of craft beer breweries rose from two to nine. As of 2019, there are 12\u00a0brewpubs\u00a0or\u00a0microbreweries\u00a0in Cambodia.<\/p>\n

    Rice wine\u00a0is a popular alcoholic drink. Its quality varies widely and it is often infused with fruits or medicinal herbs. When prepared with macerated fruits or spices, like the\u00a0Sombai\u00a0liqueur, it is called\u00a0sraa tram<\/em>\u00a0(or soaked wine) and has gained more and more popularity with the development of tourism as it is smoother to drink than plain rice wine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Cambodia, officially […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18537,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cambodia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCambodia General Information - ATT Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/attravel.vn\/en\/cambodia-general-information\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cambodia General Information - ATT Travel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles) in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. 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