{"id":916,"date":"2024-08-26T07:13:36","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T07:13:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demoat.goodcare.com.vn\/?p=916"},"modified":"2025-01-17T09:23:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-17T09:23:08","slug":"laos-general-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/attravel.vn\/en\/laos-general-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Laos General Information"},"content":{"rendered":"
Laos, officially the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast and Thailand to the west and southwest.<\/div>\n
Laos<\/strong>, officially the\u00a0Lao People’s Democratic Republic<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0socialist state\u00a0and the only\u00a0landlocked country\u00a0in\u00a0Southeast Asia. At the heart of the\u00a0Indochinese peninsula, Laos is bordered by\u00a0Myanmar\u00a0and\u00a0China\u00a0to the northwest,\u00a0Vietnam\u00a0to the east,\u00a0Cambodia\u00a0to the southeast and\u00a0Thailand\u00a0to the west and southwest.Present Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to\u00a0Lan Xang, which existed from the 14th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Due to its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade, and became wealthy economically and culturally. After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms\u2014Luang Phrabang,\u00a0Vientiane, and\u00a0Champasak. In 1893, the three territories came under a\u00a0French protectorate\u00a0and were united to form what is now known as Laos. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after\u00a0Japanese occupation, but was recolonised by\u00a0France\u00a0until it won autonomy in 1949. Laos became independent in 1953, with a\u00a0constitutional monarchy\u00a0under\u00a0Sisavang Vong. A post-independence\u00a0civil war\u00a0began, which saw the\u00a0communist resistance, supported by the\u00a0Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the\u00a0United States. After the\u00a0Vietnam War\u00a0ended in 1975, the\u00a0communist\u00a0Pathet Lao\u00a0came to power, ending the civil war. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its\u00a0dissolution\u00a0in 1991.<\/p>\n

In 2018, the country had the fourth\u00a0highest GDP (PPP) per capita\u00a0in\u00a0Southeast Asia, after\u00a0Singapore,\u00a0Malaysia, and Thailand and country\u00a0ranked 139th\u00a0on the\u00a0Human Development Index\u00a0(HDI), indicating medium development. Laos is a member of the\u00a0Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the\u00a0ASEAN,\u00a0East Asia Summit, and\u00a0La Francophonie. Laos applied for membership of the\u00a0World Trade Organization\u00a0in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. It is a\u00a0one-party\u00a0socialist republic, espousing\u00a0Marxism\u2013Leninism\u00a0governed by the\u00a0Lao People’s Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organizations have routinely characterized the country’s\u00a0human rights record\u00a0as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties, and persecution of minorities.<\/p>\n

Geography<\/strong><\/p>\n

Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes\u00a014\u00b0\u00a0and\u00a023\u00b0N\u00a0(a small area is south of 14\u00b0), and longitudes\u00a0100\u00b0\u00a0and\u00a0108\u00b0E. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is\u00a0Phou Bia\u00a0at 2,818 metres (9,245 ft), with some plains and plateaus. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the\u00a0Annamite Range\u00a0form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the\u00a0Luang Prabang Range\u00a0the northwestern border with the\u00a0Thai highlands. There are two plateaux, the\u00a0Xiangkhoang\u00a0in the north and the\u00a0Bolaven Plateau\u00a0at the southern end. The climate is tropical and influenced by the\u00a0monsoon\u00a0pattern.<\/p>\n

There is a distinct rainy season from May to November, followed by a dry season from December to April. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cold and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. The capital and largest city of Laos is\u00a0Vientiane\u00a0and other major cities include\u00a0Luang Prabang,\u00a0Savannakhet, and\u00a0Pakse.
\nIn 1993 the Laos government set aside 21 percent of the nation’s land area for habitat conservation preservation. The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the “Golden Triangle”. According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book\u00a0Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia<\/em>, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8 sq mi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9 sq mi) in 2006.
\nLaos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south.<\/p>\n

Climate
\n<\/strong>Most of the year is hot and humid. Laos enjoys a tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The rainy season is from the beginning of May to the end of September, and the dry season is from October through April. The yearly average temperature is about 28 degrees Celsius, rising to a maximum of 38 degrees Celsius during April and May.<\/p>\n

In Vientiane a minimum temperature of 19 degrees Celsius is to be expected during January. In mountainous areas, however, temperature drops to as low as 14-15 degrees Celsius during the winter months, and during cold nights, can easily reach the freezing point. The average precipitation is highest in Southern Laos, where the Annamite Mountains receive over 3,000 mm. annually. In Vientiane rainfall is about 1,500-2,000 mm., and in the Northern provinces only 1,000-1,500 mm.<\/p>\n

When to go
\n<\/strong>The best time for visiting most of Laos is between November and February, when it rains the least and is not too hot. It\u2019s also Laos\u2019s main season for both national and regional bun (festivals).
\nIf you plan to focus on the mountainous northern provinces, the hot season (from March to May) and early rainy season (around June) is not bad either, as temperatures are moderate at higher elevations. Southern Laos, on the other hand, is best avoided from March to May, when day-time temperatures break into the 40s and nights aren\u2019t much cooler.
\nThe rainy season is not as bad as you might think. While it will rain \u2013 very heavily \u2013 the downpours are often fairly brief and can be bracketed by long periods of sunshine. The rains also clear dust from the skies and land, making everything clearer and brighter. Of course, there are downsides; unsealed roads can become quagmires and extensive travel in remote areas like Salavan, Phongsali and Sainyabuli might be impossible. River travel can be a good alternative during these months. If you intend to travel extensively by river, November is the best; flooding has usually subsided yet river levels are still high enough for maximum navigability. Between January and June, low water can make navigating some rivers difficult.
\nDecember to February and August are the peak tourist times. January, in particular, is very busy and booking ahead is advisable.<\/p>\n

Administrative divisions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Laos is divided into 17\u00a0provinces\u00a0(khoueng<\/em>) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon<\/em>), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan<\/em>). A new province,\u00a0Xaisomboun Province, was established on 13 December 2013. Provinces are further divided into\u00a0districts\u00a0(muang<\/em>) and then villages (ban<\/em>). An “urban” village is essentially a town.<\/p>\n

Tourism<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876 million in 2010. Tourism is expected to contribute US$679.1 million to the gross national product in 2010, rising to US$1.5857 billion by 2020. In 2010, one in every 10.9 jobs was in the tourism sector. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 15.5 percent of total exports or US$270.3 million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2 million (12.5 percent of the total) in 2020.<\/p>\n

The official tourism slogan is “Simply Beautiful”. The main attractions for tourists include Buddhist culture and colonial architecture in\u00a0Luang Prabang; gastronomy and ancient temples in the capital of\u00a0Vientiane; backpacking in\u00a0Muang Ngoi Neua\u00a0and\u00a0Vang Vieng; ancient and modern culture and history in the\u00a0Plain of Jars\u00a0region (main article:\u00a0Phonsavan);\u00a0Laos Civil War\u00a0history in\u00a0Sam Neua; trekking and visiting\u00a0hill tribes\u00a0in a number of areas including\u00a0Phongsaly\u00a0and\u00a0Luang Namtha; spotting\u00a0tigers\u00a0and other wildlife in\u00a0Nam Et-Phou Louey; caves and waterfalls near\u00a0Thakhek; relaxation, the\u00a0Irrawaddy dolphin\u00a0and\u00a0Khone Phapheng Falls\u00a0at\u00a0Si Phan Don\u00a0or, as they are known in English, the Four Thousand Islands;\u00a0Vat Phou, an ancient\u00a0Khmer\u00a0temple complex; and the\u00a0Bolaven Plateau\u00a0for waterfalls and coffee. The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the “World Best Tourist Destination” designation for 2013 for this combination of architecture and history.<\/p>\n

Luang Prabang\u00a0and\u00a0Vat Phou\u00a0are both\u00a0UNESCO World Heritage\u00a0sites, with the\u00a0Plain of Jars\u00a0expected to join them once more work to clear\u00a0Unexploded ordnance\u00a0has been completed.[<\/sup>citation needed<\/sup><\/em>]<\/sup>\u00a0Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 13\u201315 April and involves a\u00a0water festival\u00a0similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries.<\/p>\n

The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country’s National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as\u00a0ecotourism\u00a0destinations.<\/p>\n

Laos is known for silk and local handicraft products, which are on display in Luang Prabang’s night market, among other places. Another specialty is mulberry tea.<\/p>\n

Infrastructure<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The main international airports are Vientiane’s\u00a0Wattay International Airport\u00a0and\u00a0Luang Prabang International Airport\u00a0with\u00a0Pakse International Airport\u00a0also having a few international flights. The national carrier is\u00a0Lao Airlines. Other carriers serving the country include\u00a0Bangkok Airways,\u00a0Vietnam Airlines,\u00a0AirAsia,\u00a0Thai Airways International,\u00a0China Eastern Airlines\u00a0and\u00a0Silk Air.<\/p>\n

Much of Laos lacks adequate infrastructure. Laos has no railways, except a short link to connect Vientiane with Thailand over the\u00a0Thai\u2013Lao Friendship Bridge. A short\u00a0portage railway, the\u00a0Don Det\u2013Don Khon narrow gauge railway\u00a0was built by the French in\u00a0Don Det\u00a0and Don Khon in\u00a0Champasak Province\u00a0but has been closed since the 1940s. In the late 1920s, work began on the Thakhek\u2013Tan Ap railway that would have run between\u00a0Thakhek,\u00a0Khammouane Province\u00a0and\u00a0T\u00e2n \u1ea4p Railway Station,\u00a0Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh Province, Vietnam through the\u00a0M\u1ee5 Gi\u1ea1 Pass. The scheme was aborted in the 1930s. The major roads connecting the major urban centres, in particular\u00a0Route 13, have been significantly upgraded in recent years, but villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round.<\/p>\n

There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread in urban centres. In many rural areas electricity is at least partly available.\u00a0Songthaews\u00a0(pick-up trucks with benches) are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport.<\/p>\n

Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to\u00a0sanitation\u00a0and has already met its 2015\u00a0Millennium Development Goal\u00a0(MDG) target. Laos’s predominantly rural (68 percent, source: Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009) population makes investing in sanitation difficult. In 1990 only eight percent of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas.<\/p>\n

Laos’s progress is notable in comparison to similar developing countries. This success is in part due to small-scale independent providers emerging in a spontaneous manner or having been promoted by public authorities. The authorities in Laos have recently developed an innovative regulatory framework for Public\u2013Private partnership contracts signed with small enterprises, in parallel with more conventional regulation of State-owned water enterprises.<\/p>\n

Ethnicity<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The people of Laos are often categorised by their distribution by\u00a0elevation: (lowlands, midlands and upper high lands) as this somewhat correlates with ethnic groupings.<\/p>\n

Lao Loum (lowland people)<\/h4>\n

More than half of the nation’s population is ethnic Lao\u2014the principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. The Lao belong to the\u00a0Tai\u00a0linguistic group who began migrating south from China in the first millennium CE. Ten percent belong to other “lowland” groups, which together with the Lao people make up the\u00a0Lao Loum.<\/p>\n

Lao Theung (midland people)<\/h4>\n

In the central and southern mountains,\u00a0Mon-Khmer-speaking groups, known as\u00a0Lao Theung\u00a0or mid-slope Laotians, predominate. Other terms are Khmu, Khamu (Kammu) or Kha as the Lao Loum refer to them to indicate their\u00a0Austroasiatic\u00a0language affiliation. However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning ‘slave’. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. Some\u00a0Vietnamese,\u00a0Laotian Chinese\u00a0and\u00a0Thai\u00a0minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to\u00a0Vietnam,\u00a0Hong Kong, or to\u00a0France. Lao Theung constitute about 30 percent of the population.<\/p>\n

Lao Soung (highland people)<\/h4>\n

Hill people\u00a0and minority cultures of Laos such as the\u00a0Hmong,\u00a0Yao (Mien)\u00a0(Hmong-Mien),\u00a0Dao,\u00a0Shan, and several\u00a0Tibeto-Burman\u00a0speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. Mountain\/hill tribes of mixed ethno\/cultural-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos, which include the\u00a0Lua\u00a0and\u00a0Khmu people\u00a0who are indigenous to Laos. Collectively, they are known as\u00a0Lao Soung\u00a0or highland Laotians. Lao Soung account for only about 10 percent of the population.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

Languages<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The official and majority language is\u00a0Lao, a language of the\u00a0Tai-Kadai\u00a0language family. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. The\u00a0Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient\u00a0Khmer script\u00a0and is very similar to Thai, and easily understood by readers of Thai script. Languages like\u00a0Khmu\u00a0(Austroasiatic) and\u00a0Hmong\u00a0(Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. A number of\u00a0Laotian sign languages\u00a0are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.<\/p>\n

French\u00a0is still commonly used in government and commerce and over a third of Laos’s students are educated through the medium of French with French being compulsory for all other students. Throughout the country signage is bilingual in Lao and French, with French being predominant.\u00a0English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. It is also a member of the French organisation\u00a0La Francophonie.<\/p>\n

Religion<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sixty-six percent of Laotians were\u00a0Theravada\u00a0Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 Jewish percent, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of\u00a0Satsana Phi) in 2010.\u00a0Buddhism\u00a0has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Theravada Buddhism has coexisted peacefully since its introduction to the country with the\u00a0local polytheism.<\/p>\n

Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theravada\u00a0Buddhism\u00a0is a dominant influence in Lao culture. It is reflected throughout the country from language to the temple and in art, literature, performing arts, etc. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism, however. For example, Laotian music is dominated by its national\u00a0instrument, the\u00a0khaen, a type of\u00a0bamboo\u00a0pipe\u00a0that has prehistoric origins. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in\u00a0lam, the dominant style of\u00a0folk music. Among the\u00a0lam<\/em>\u00a0styles, the\u00a0lam saravane\u00a0is probably the most popular.<\/p>\n

Sticky rice\u00a0is a characteristic staple food and has cultural and religious significance to the Lao people. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. For example, Khammu farmers in Luang Prabang plant the rice variety\u00a0Khao Kam\u00a0in small quantities near the hut in memory of dead parents, or at the edge of the rice field to indicate that parents are still alive.<\/p>\n

Sinh\u00a0is a traditional garment worn by Laotian women in daily life. It is a hand-woven silk skirt that can identify the woman who wears it in a variety of ways. In particular, it can indicate which region the wearer is from.<\/p>\n

Cuisine<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lao cuisine<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0Laotian cuisine<\/strong>\u00a0is the\u00a0cuisine\u00a0of\u00a0Laos, which is distinct from other Southeast Asian cuisines.<\/p>\n

The staple food of the Lao is steamed\u00a0sticky rice. In the Lao language, sticky rice is known as\u00a0khao niao<\/em>:\u00a0khao<\/em>\u00a0means ‘rice’, and\u00a0niao<\/em>\u00a0means ‘sticky’. In fact, the Lao eat more sticky rice than any other people in the world. Sticky rice is considered the essence of what it means to be Lao. It is a common belief within the Lao community that no matter where they are in the world, sticky rice will always be the glue that holds the Lao communities together, connecting them to their culture and to\u00a0Laos. Often the Lao will refer to themselves as\u00a0luk khao niaow<\/em>, which can be translated as ‘children or descendants of sticky rice’.<\/p>\n

The trifecta of Laos’ national cuisine are\u00a0sticky rice,\u00a0larb<\/em>, and\u00a0tam mak hoong. The most famous Lao dish is\u00a0larb<\/em>; sometimes also spelled\u00a0laab<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0laap<\/em>), a spicy mixture of marinated meat or fish that is sometimes raw (prepared like\u00a0ceviche) with a variable combination of herbs,\u00a0greens, and spices. Another Lao invention is a spicy green\u00a0papaya salad\u00a0dish known as\u00a0tam mak hoong, more famously known to the West as\u00a0som tam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Lao cuisine has many regional variations, corresponding in part to the fresh foods local to each region. A French legacy is still evident in the capital city,\u00a0Vientiane, where\u00a0baguettes\u00a0are sold on the street and French restaurants are common and popular, which were first introduced when Laos was a part of\u00a0French Indochina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Laos, officially the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast and Thailand to the west and southwest. Laos, officially the\u00a0Lao People’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15910,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","destination-viet-nam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLaos General Information - ATT Travel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/attravel.vn\/en\/laos-general-information\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laos General Information - ATT Travel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Laos, officially the Lao People’s Democratic Republic is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. At the heart of the Indochinese peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast and Thailand to the west and southwest. 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